Source: http://www.aoa.org/x7346.xml
Quick Reference to Ocular Manifestations of Commonly Prescribed Systemic Medications
| Disease/Condition | Generic Name (Brand Name) of Medication | Potential Ocular Complications/Adverse Reactions |
| Acne (vulgaris/ rosacea) |
tetracycline hydrochloride (Achromycin)
doxycycline (Vibramycin) minocycline hydrochloride (Minocin) |
Blurred vision (associated with pseudotumor cerebri), diplopia, color vision defects, photosensitivity |
| Allergies (rhinitis, uticaria) |
loratidine (Claritin)
cetirizine (Zyrtec) |
Keratoconjunctivitis, photosensitivity, dry eye, contact lens discomfort |
| Angina |
nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat)
nitroglycerine (Nitrobid, Nitrostat) |
Blurred vision, ocular irritation, periorbital edema |
| Anxiety/panic disorders |
alprazolam (Xanax)
diazepam (Valium) |
Blurred vision, photosensitivity, blepharospasm, subconjunctival hemorrhages, retinal hemorrhages, oculomotor dysfunctions, decreased accommodation, diplopia, visual hallucinations |
|
Arthritis (rheumatoid) |
ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
indomethacin (Indocin) prednisone (Deltasone) hydroxychloroquinine sulfate (Plaquenil) |
Blurred vision, toxic maculopathy, corneal deposits, color vision defects, visual field loss, nystagmus, photosensitivity |
| Blood clots, atrial fib prophylaxis | warfarin sodium (Coumadin) | Subconjunctival and retinal hemorrhages |
| Bronchospasm |
albuterol sulfate (Proventil, Ventolyn)
ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) |
Pupillary dilation, visual hallucinations, elevated intraocular pressure |
| Cancer (breast) | tamoxifen citrate (Nalvadex) | Retinopathy, color vision defect, visual acuity and visual field loss |
|
Cardiac arrhythmias (atrial fib and tachycardia) |
digoxin (Lanoxin)
propranolol (Inderal) amiodarone hydrochloride (Cordarone) |
corneal and lenticular deposits, papillitis, pseudotumor cerebri (rare), photosensitivity, dry eyes, color anomalies |
|
Congestive heart failure |
digoxin (Lanoxin)
captopril (Capoten) |
Blurred vision, color vision (blue/green) defect, retinal entopic phenomena |
| Contraception | estrogen and progesterone (Ovcon, Ovral, Ortho-Novum) | Contact lens intolerance, decreased color perception |
| Depression |
fluoxetine hydrochloride (Prozac)
paroxetine hydrochloride (Paxil) sertraline hydrochloride (Zoloft) amitryptoline (hydrochloride Elavil, Enpep) |
Blurred vision, diplopia, ptosis, nystagmus, dilated pupils, dry eye, eye pain |
|
Diabetes mellitus |
glyburide (DiaBeta, Micronase)
glipizide (Glucotrol) insulin (Humulin N) metformine (Glucophage) |
Blurred vision, transient lenticular changes, photosensitivity |
| Ear infections (acute otitis media) |
amoxicillin trihydrate (Amoxil, Polymox, Trimox)
cefaclor (Ceclor) cephalexin (Keflex) |
Allergic reaction of eyelids or conjunctiva, photosensitivity, ptosis, diplopia |
| Epilepsy/seizures |
clonazepam (Klonopin)
phenytoin sodium (Dilantin) carbamazepine (Tegratol, Atretol) divalproex (Depakote) |
Nystagmus, diplopia, photosensitivity |
| Gonorrhea |
tetracycline hydrochloride (Achromycin)
amoxicillin trihydrate (Amoxil) |
Blurred vision (associated with pseudotumor cerebri), allergic reaction of eyelids or conjunctiva |
| Herpes Simplex | acyclovir (Zovirax) | Periocular edema, visual hallucinations |
|
Hyperthyroidism/ goiter |
levothyroxine sodium (Synthroid) |
Blurred vision, photosensitivity, papilledema (related to pseudotumor cerebri), diplopia, ptosis, blepharospasm |
| HIV infection (AIDS) |
Dideoxynucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors:
didanosine (Videx) zalcitabine (Hivid) lamivudine (Epivir) zidovudine (Retrovir) stavudine (Zerit) HIV protease inhibitors: indinavir (Crixivan) nelfinavir (Viracept) ritonavir (Norvir) saquinavir (Fortovase) Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors: delavirdine (Rescriptor) nevirapine (Viramune) |
Cystoid macular edema, hyperpigmentation of eyelids, diplopia, visual hallucinations |
| Hypertension |
furosemide (Lasix)
hydralazine hydrochloride (Apresoline) enalapril maleate (Vasotec) captopril (Capoten) nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia) triamterene (Diazide) lisinopril (Zestril) amlodipine (Norvasc) |
Blurred vision, conjunctivitis, photosensitivity, visual hallucinations, tearing, nystagmus, retinal hemorrhages |
|
Hypercholesterolemia |
atorvastatin (Lipitor)
simvastatin (Zocor) pravastatin (Provachol) |
lens opacities, decreased visual |
| Impotence/erectile dysfunction | sildenafil (Viagra) |
impairment of color vision (blue/green), photophobia |
| Leg cramps (nocturnal) | quinine sulfate | Blurred vision, diplopia, photosensitivity, toxic retinopathy |
| Menopause (hormone replacement) | estrogen (Premarin) | contact lens intolerance |
| Nausea/vomiting (severe) | prochlorperazine (Compazine) | Blurred vision, pigmentary deposits on lens, retinopathy |
| Pain (low to moderate) | propoxyphene hydrochloride (Darvon) | Blurred vision, miosis, reduced lacrimation |
|
Pain (moderate to severe) |
acetaminophen with codeine (Tylenol with Codeine)
tramadol (Ultram) oxycodone with acetaminophen (Percocet) |
Visual disturbances, pupillary changes |
| Psoriasis (vitiligo) | methoxsalen (Oxsoralen) | keratitis, photosensitivity, dry eyes |
|
Psychotic disorders |
chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine)
trifluoperazine hydrochloride (Stelazine) thioridazine hydrochloride (Mellaril) prochlorperazine (Compazine) |
Retinopathy, corneal and lenticular deposits, accommodative dysfunction, color vision defects, visual acuity and visual field loss |
|
Respiratory infection |
amoxicillin trihydrate (Amoxil, Polymox, Trimox)
cephalexin (Keflex) cefaclor (Ceclor) tetracycline hydrochloride (Achromycin) |
Allergic reaction of eyelids or conjunctiva, photosensitivity, ptosis, diplopia |
| Sinus infection (acute sinusitis) |
amoxicillin trihydrate (Amoxil, Polymox, Trimox) cefaclor (Ceclor) |
Allergic reaction of eyelids or conjunctiva, photosensitivity, ptosis, diplopia |
|
Skin infection |
cefaclor (Ceclor) ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (Cipro) |
Allergic reaction of eyelids or conjunctiva, photosensitivity, peripheral corneal edema |
|
Tuberculosis |
rifampin (Rifadin)
ethambutol hydrochloride (Myambutol) prednisone (Deltasone) |
Optic neuritis, color vision defects, visual acuity and visual field loss |
|
Ulcers (duodenal/gastric) |
cimetidine (Tagamet)
ranitidine hydrochloride (Zantac) famotidine (Pepcid) omeprazole (Prilosec) |
Blurred vision, visual hallucinations, photosensitivity, decreased accommodation, dilated pupils |
|
Urinary tract infection (UTI) |
amoxicillin trihydrate (Amoxil, Polymox, Trimox)
cephalexin (Keflex) cefaclor (Ceclor) tetracycline hydrochloride (Achromycin) ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (Cipro) |
Allergic reaction of eyelids or conjunctiva, photosensitivity, ptosis, diplopia |
References:
- Physician's Desk Reference. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics, 1999.
- Drug Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis: Facts and Comparisons, 1999.
- American Hospital Formulary Service Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1999.
- http://www.Drugtopics.com
This Quick Reference is a partial listing of commonly prescribed systemic medications and their ocular manifestations.
Prepared by the Primary Care Committee, Clinical Care Group, American Optometric Association.
Approved by the AOA Board of Trustees, August 26, 1999
Cross References to Quick Reference to Ocular Manifestations of Commonly Prescribed Systemic Medications - Brand Name (generic name) – Disease/Condition
- Achromycin (tetracycline hydrochloride) – Acne (vulgaris/rosacea); Gonorrhea; Respiratory infection; Urinary tract infection (UTI)
- Adalat (nifedipine) – Angina; Hypertension
- Advil (ibuprofen) - Arthritis (rheumatoid)
- Amoxil (amoxicillin trihydrate) – Ear infections (acute otitis media); Gonorrhea; Respiratory infection; Sinus infection (acute sinusitis); Urinary tract infection (UTI)
- Apresoline (hydralazine hydrochloride) – Hypertension; Respiratory infection; Urinary tract infection (UTI)
- Atretol (carbamazepine) – Epilepsy/seizures
- Atrovent (ipratropium bromide) – Bronchospasm
- Capoten (captopril) - Congestive heart failure
- Capoten (captopril) – Hypertension
- Ceclor (cefaclor) – Ear infections (acute otitis media); Respiratory infection; Skin infection; Urinary tract infection (UTI)
- Cipro (ciprofloxacin hydrochloride) - Skin infection; Urinary tract infection (UTI)
- Claritin (loratidine) - Allergies (rhinitis, uticaria)
- Compazine (prochlorperazine) - Nausea/vomiting (severe); Psychotic disorders
- Cordarone (amiodarone hydrochloride) – Cardiac arrhythmias (atrial fib and tachycardia)
- Coumadin (warfarin sodium) - Blood clots; atrial fib prophylaxis
- Crixivan (indinavir) – HIV infection (AIDS)
- Darvon (propoxyphene hydrochloride) - Pain (low - moderate)
- Deltasone (prednisone) - Arthritis (rheumatoid)
- Deltasone (prednisone) – Tuberculosis
- Depakote (divalproex) - Epilepsy/seizures
- DiaBeta (glyburide) – Diabetes mellitus
- Diazide (triamterene) – Hypertension
- Dilantin (phenytoin sodium) – Epilepsy/seizures
- Elavil (amitryptoline hydrochloride) – Depression
- Enpep (amitryptoline hydrochloride) – Depression
- Epivir (lamivudine) – HIV infection (AIDS)
- Fortovase (saquinavir) – HIV infection (AIDS)
- Glucophage (metformine) - Diabetes mellitus
- Glucotrol (glipizide) – Diabetes mellitus
- Hivid (zalcitabine) – HIV infection (AIDS)
- Humulin N (insulin) – Diabetes mellitus
- Inderal (propranolol) – Cardiac arrhythmias (atrial fib and tachycardia)
- Indocin (indomethacin) - Arthritis (rheumatoid)
- Keflex (cephalexin) - Ear infections (acute otitis media);
- Klonopin (clonazepam) – Epilepsy/seizures
- Lanoxin (digoxin) – Cardiac arrhythmias (atrial fib and tachycardia); Congestive heart failure
- Lasix (furosemide) – Hypertension
- Lipitor (atorvastatin) – Hypercholesterolemia
- Mellaril (thioridazine hydrochloride) – Psychotic disorders
- Micronase (glyburide) – Diabetes mellitus
- Minocin (minocycline hydrochloride) - Acne (vulgaris/rosacea)
- Motrin (ibuprofen) - Acne (vulgaris/rosacea)
- Myambutol (ethambutol hydrochloride) – Tuberculosis
- Nalvadex (tamoxifen citrate) - Cancer (breast)
- Nitrobid; Nitrostat (nitroglycerine) – Angina
- Norvasc (amlodipine) – Hypertension
- Norvir (ritonavir) – HIV infection (AIDS)
- Ortho-Novum (estrogen and progesterone) – Contraception
- Ovcon; Ovral (estrogen and progesterone) – Contraception
- Oxsoralen (methoxsalen) - Psoriasis (vitiligo)
- Paxil (paroxetine hydrochloride) – Depression
- Pepcid (famotidine) – Ulcers (duodenal/gastric)
- Percocet (oxycodone with acetaminophen) - Pain (moderate to severe)
- Plaquenil (hydroxychloroquinine sulfate - Arthritis (rheumatoid)
- Polymox (amoxicillin trihydrate) – Ear infections (acute otitis media); Respiratory infection; Sinus infection (acute sinusitis); Urinary tract infection (UTI)
- Premarin (estrogen) - Menopause (hormone replacement)
- Prilosec (omeprazole) – Ulcers (duodenal/gastric)
- Procardia (nifedipine) - Angina
- Procardia (nifedipine) – Hypertension
- Provachol (pravastatin) – Hypercholesterolemia
- Proventil (albuterol sulfate) – Bronchospasm
- Prozac (fluoxetine hydrochloride) – Depression
- Quinine sulfate - Leg cramps (nocturnal)
- Rescriptor (delavirdine) – HIV infection (AIDS)
- Retrovir (zidovudine) – HIV infection (AIDS)
- Rifadin (rifampin) – Tuberculosis
- Stelazine (trifluoperazine hydrochloride) – Psychotic disorders
- Synthroid (levothyroxine sodium) - Hyperthyroidism/goiter
- Tagamet (cimetidine) – Ulcers (duodenal/gastric)
- Tegratol (carbamazepine) – Epilepsy/seizures
- Thorazine (chlorpromazine hydrochloride) – Psychotic disorders
- Trimox (amoxicillin trihydrate) – Ear infections (acute otitis media); Respiratory infection; Sinus infection (acute sinusitis); Urinary tract infection (UTI)
- Tylenol with Codeine (acetaminophen with codeine) – Pain(moderate to severe)
- Ultram (tramadol) – Pain (moderate to severe)
- Valium (diazepam) - Anxiety/panic disorders
- Vasotec (enalapril maleate) – Hypertension
- Ventolyn (albuterol sulfate) – Bronchospasm
- Viagra (sildenafil) - Impotence /erectile dysfunction
- Vibramycin (doxycycline) - Acne (vulgaris/rosacea)
- Videx (didanosine) - HIV infection (AIDS)
- Viracept (nelfinavir) – HIV infection (AIDS)
- Viramune (nevirapine) - HIV infection (AIDS)
- Xanax (alprazolam) - Anxiety/panic disorders
- Zantac (ranitidine hydrochloride) – Ulcers (duodenal/gastric)
- Zerit (stavudine) – HIV infection (AIDS)
- Zestril (lisinopril) – Hypertension
- Zocor (simvastatin) – Hypercholesterolemia
- Zovirax (acyclovir) - Herpes Simplex
- Zyrtec (cetirizine) - Allergies (rhinitis, uticaria)